一种碎斑批量融合工具的设计与实现

碎斑合并融合一直是林地变更、土地利用等内业数据处理的一大难题.本文基于ArcGIS Add-In平台,设计并实现了一种批量融合碎斑的工具.通过设定可视化界面的相关参数,灵活调整碎斑融合规则,以期达到不同项目的通用性,最后,结合具体项目实践进行验证分析.实验结果表明,该方法可以准确、快速地完成碎斑批量融合工作,提高生产效率.     

Boundary-layer parameterizations for applied dispersion modeling over urban areas

Many applied dispersion models require the knowledge of boundary-layer parameters such as sensible heat flux,Q _H , friction velocity,u _*, and turbulent energy components, _w and _v . Formulas are suggested for calculating these parameters over a wide variety of types of ground surfaces, based on simple observations of wind speed near the ground and fractional cloud cover, and specification of constants such as roughness length, albedo, and soil moisture availability. Observations ofu _*,Q _H , _w , and _v during field experiments in St. Louis and Indianapolis are used to test the formulas for urban sites. Relative errors of about ±20% in the predictions are seen to occur whenu _*,Q _H , _w , and _v are large. However, when these quantities are small (e.g.,u _* < 0.2 m/s), the errors in the predictions are as large as the mean value of the quantity itself.In addition, it is concluded from studies of available field data and theories that the magnitude of _w is not well-known at elevations above about 100m during the late afternoon and night. Some simple parameterizations for _w . are suggested that are consistent with the observed steady decrease in ground-level concentration in the afternoon and the sudden increase in concentration that can occur a few hours after sunset due to wind shears associated with a low-level jet, for continuous plumes emitted from moderate to tall stacks.     

地理学的特点

现代地理学强调过程与演变的研究,在定量研究方面取得了显著的进步。但在热衷于建立各种模型时,地理学的特点或性质却被忽视,这在国内尤其明显。认识地理学的本质特点,对于学习地理学、发展地理学科和从事地理学研究非常重要。地理学的特点可概括为4方面:即地理学是“研究行星地球表面的科学”、“研究关系的科学”、“强调位置的科学”和“考察分布的科学”。这4个方面缺少任何一方,都不能反映有别于其他任何学科的地理学自身的特点。     

基于ArcObjects的GIS系统的二次开发--以济源市水土保持决策支持系统为例

COM技术是新一代组件式GIS发展的主流，文章阐述了COM，COMGIS的基本原理，介绍了AreOhjects的组成结构、开发的关键技术、开发方式，以及AreGIS Engine的功能，对使用两种组件式GIS进行二次开发进行了比较。最后给出了使用ArcObjects开发的一个实例——济源市水土保持决策支持系统，描述了系统的设计原则。系统的结构设计和系统的功能，并简要说明了系统的主要功能所使用的关键接口。     

甘肃代家庄铅锌矿的地质特征与找矿意义

位于甘肃宕昌县的代家庄矿床曾被认为是西成矿田铅锌找矿的重大进展,矿床产于秦岭西成盆地西北端泥盆系浅海相的富含生物化石的细碎屑岩—灰岩中。矿体不规则受NW向断裂的控制,呈角砾状分布于下部碎屑岩与上部厚层灰岩界面附近灰岩一侧。矿石的矿物共生组合为闪锌矿 方铅矿 少量黄铁矿 少量白铁矿 方解石,不含石英。硫化物发育大量的胶状、球粒状、草霉状微晶结构,部分显现出微生物化石结构特点。对代家庄与西成主要类型铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征的对比发现,二者在容矿围岩沉积环境、矿石形态、结构构造以及同位素地球化学等多方面存在明显的差异,代家庄矿床成因属于碳酸盐岩容矿的低温热液矿床,不同于西成矿田的主要SEDEX类型。主要控矿因素为灰岩—碎屑界面附近、NW向断裂等。     

基于GIS的山地林道网优化配置系统

应用系统选择永安元沙国有林业采育场的部分林班为示范,建立森林资源空间数据库.以ARC/INFO为开发平台,以山地林道网理论为指导,应用G IS技术、DBMS技术与数学规划集成技术,使用AML语言进行二次开发设计山地林道网优化配置系统,实现计算机辅助林道网配置,提高决策的科学性。     

Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction

Debris flows have caused serious loss of human lives and a lot of damage to properties in Taiwan over the past decades. Moreover, debris flows have brought massive mud causing water pollution in reservoirs and resulted in water shortage for daily life locally and affected agricultural irrigation and industrial usages seriously. A number of methods for prediction of debris flows have been studied. However, the successful prediction ratio of debris flows cannot always maintain a stable and reliable level. The objective of this study is to present a stable and reliable analytical model for occurrence predictions of debris flows. This study proposes an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model that was constructed by seven significant factors using back-propagation (BP) algorithm. These seven factors include (1) length of creek, (2) average slope, (3) effective watershed area, (4) shape coefficient, (5) median size of soil grain, (6) effective cumulative rainfall, and (7) effective rainfall intensity. A total of 178 potential cases of debris flows collected in eastern Taiwan were fed into the ANN model for training and testing. The average ratio of successful prediction reaching 93.82% demonstrates that the presented ANN model with seven significant factors can provide a stable and reliable result for the prediction of debris flows in hazard mitigation and guarding systems.     

Damage Survey of Water Supply Systems and Fragility Curve of PVC Water Pipelines in the Chi–Chi Taiwan Earthquake

Substantial damage to water supply systems, including water delivery pipelines, water treatment plants, reservoirs, and water storage tanks, was reported after the 1999 Chi–Chi Taiwan Earthquake. This paper first summarizes the damage survey and then presents the results of seismic fragility analysis for underground pipelines. Construction blueprints of the water delivery pipelines and repair work orders of 11 townships and cities in the disastrous area were digitized into a Geographical Information System (GIS) for analysis and assessment. With the aid of the GIS system, we found that PVC pipes made up 86% of water delivery pipelines while steel, cast iron, ductile iron, PE and others took the rest. Therefore, this paper focuses on the fragility analysis of PVC pipes. Three different methods were applied to derive the fragility relations between the PVC water pipes having nominal diameters (approximately inner diameters) greater than or equal to 65 mm and earthquake intensity parameters such as peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. The results were then examined with those of other countries. The discrepancy between our results and the empirical equation used by HAZUS, an earthquake loss estimation software developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency was not significant.     

不同压实度下红层泥岩路堤沉降研究

压实系数是控制路堤填筑的关键性指标。本文通过分析不同压实系数下的强度特点以及通过离心试验和有限元对不同压实系数路堤沉降的模拟,得到粘聚力c值和摩擦角与不同压实系数的关系以及不同压实系数下路堤沉降的特点,为路堤填筑提供了重要的依据。